Sec. 45-3002. - Screening and lighting.
Sec. 45-3003. - Parking design standards.
Sec. 45-3004. - Parking requirements for specific uses.
Sec. 45-3004.1. - Requirements and procedures for parking increases.
Sec. 45-3004.3. - Requirements and procedures for parking reductions for certain residential uses.
Sec. 45-3005. - Off-street loading requirements for specific uses.
Secs. 45-3006—45-3100. - Reserved.
(a)
When required. Unless otherwise modified or exempted in the district regulations or in Article XXVIII, there shall be provided in all districts at the time any building or structure is erected, off-street parking and loading spaces in conformity with the requirements of this article. In the event a building or structure is altered so as to increase its floor area, off-street parking and loading spaces shall be provided for such enlargement in conformity with this article.
(b)
Continued use required. Any off-street parking or loading space required by this article shall be maintained for parking or loading use, as the case may be, as long as the principal use such off-street parking or loading spaces were established to serve shall remain.
(c)
Encroachment upon existing spaces. In no case shall an addition to a building or structure be made in such a way as to reduce the number of existing parking or loading spaces of an existing building or structure below the minimum requirements of this article unless provisions are made elsewhere on the same premises to re-establish any required parking or loading spaces which may be removed or relocated.
(d)
Location on same premises. Except as otherwise provided, all off-street parking and loading spaces required by this article shall be located on the same premises with the principal use such spaces are established to serve.
(e)
Ingress and egress. Ingress and egress to and from off-street parking and loading spaces shall be made through driveway openings, the required number, location and width of which shall be determined by the city's traffic engineer.
(f)
Distinction between loading and parking spaces. Off-street loading spaces shall be exclusive of the number of off-street parking spaces required in this article.
(g)
Method of computing number of spaces. In computing the number of parking or loading spaces required by this article, the following rules shall govern.
(1)
Floor area shall mean the gross usable floor area of a particular use, building or structure.
(2)
Where a fractional space results, the number of parking spaces required shall be construed to be the next whole number.
(3)
If a particular use is not included in the listing of specific uses in this article, such use shall be provided with parking spaces as required for a listed use of similar nature.
(4)
Whenever a building or use is changed or enlarged in floor area, or modified as to increase the number of employees, number of dwelling units, seating capacity in or any other manner to create a need for a greater number of parking or loading spaces than the use existing, such spaces shall be provided on the basis of the enlargement or change in conformity with this article.
(5)
In the event more than one (1) use which requires parking and loading spaces is erected on the same premises, the total parking spaces or loading space requirements shall be the sum of the requirements of individual uses computed separately.
(6)
Whenever commercial motor vehicles, mobile products, or special equipment are required to be parked on the premises in connection with a use, any required off-street parking spaces shall be in addition to the space requirement to park such commercial vehicles.
(7)
For the purposes of this chapter, unoccupied floor area shall not be included in the computation of required parking spaces. Such floor area shall include, but not be limited to the following: vaults, refrigerated storage rooms, bulk storage, machine rooms, automated production areas, aircraft hangers, heavy equipment and/or vehicle storage, and stockrooms or offices for retail establishments .
(h)
Parking commercial vehicles.
(1)
Parking of commercial vehicles on property in residential districts shall be limited to one (1) small commercial vehicle per parcel for any detached single-family dwelling and shall be limited to one (1) such small commercial vehicle per single-family dwelling unit on any multiple-family residential site; provided that, one (1) additional small or large commercial vehicle may be parked on the same property in an enclosed and approved accessory building. The provisions of this subsection shall not apply to any commercial vehicle while in the process of loading or unloading.
(2)
The parking of school buses shall be permitted on school property.
(3)
Nothing in this section shall affect the provisions of section 45-515, pertaining to recreational vehicles.
(Ord. No. 5028-97, § 1; Ord. No. 5204-98)
Sec. 45-3002. - Screening and lighting.
Surface lots when abutting any residential use shall be screened by privacy fencing no less than six (6) feet in height, or a seven-foot wide treed buffer planted with evergreen trees at a minimum height of eight (8) feet and no more than ten (10) feet apart, as provided in Chapter 33.02 of the City Code, except where buffer areas are required by Article XXVIII, of this chapter. Such fencing shall be designed to be architecturally compatible with, and not detract from, the surrounding neighborhood and shall be erected in a manner as to provide adequate air and light and to not obstruct clear sight vision for traffic safety purposes. The board of zoning appeals may grant a special exception for the reduction or elimination of the fencing or treed buffer, subject to the conditions prescribed in Article XXXII, section 45-3204. Where lighting is required by this or any other ordinance of the city, it shall be erected and shielded in a manner as to direct lighting inward to the property being developed and prevent glare to adjacent properties or vehicular public rights-of-way.
(Ord. No. 5028-97, § 1; Ord. No. 5204-98)
Sec. 45-3003. - Parking design standards.
See Design Criteria Manual, City of Newport News.
(Ord. No. 5028-97, § 1)
Sec. 45-3004. - Parking requirements for specific uses.
(a)
Parking requirements for specific uses shall be computed in accordance with the provisions of this section. Unless otherwise specifically set forth, the requirements shall be minimum requirements and may be exceeded at the discretion of the premises owner or developer.
(b)
Dwelling and related living facilities uses.
(1)
Single-family dwelling: One (1) parking space for each dwelling unit.
(2)
Two-family or multiple-family attached dwellings: One and one-half (1½) parking spaces for each dwelling unit.
(3)
Manufactured homes: One and one-half (1½) off-street parking spaces shall be provided on or adjacent to each manufactured home site.
(4)
Bed and breakfast or halfway house: One (1) parking space for each sleeping room.
(5)
Dormitory or fraternity/sorority house: One (1) parking space for every three (3) sleeping rooms or for every six (6) members, whichever is greater.
(6)
Hotel or motel: One (1) parking space for each guest room or suite.
(7)
Tourist home: One (1) parking space for each guest room or suite.
(8)
Homeless shelter: One (1) parking space for each room.
(9)
Multiple-family housing for handicapped persons or the elderly: One (1) parking space for each dwelling unit that is permanently allocated for occupancy by handicapped persons or by elderly persons at least sixty (60) years of age. Parking space for dwelling units allocated for individuals with physical handicaps shall be thirteen (13) feet wide with an unobstructed, near level, paved surface that is suitable for wheeling and walking.
(10)
Congregate housing for children: One (1) parking space per employee attending a shift.
(c)
Community facilities and places of assembly.
(1)
Hospitals, sanitariums, asylums, nursing homes, convalescent houses, homes for the aged, and similar institutions: One (1) parking space for each four (4) beds.
(2)
Church or place of worship: One (1) parking space for each four (4) seats in the main sanctuary or auditorium, in addition to three (3) spaces for each classroom used for Sunday school or educational purposes.
(3)
Elementary school: One (1) parking space for each four (4) seats in the auditorium or main assembly room.
(4)
High school, secondary school: One (1) parking space for each four (4) seats in the auditorium plus two (2) spaces for each classroom or laboratory room.
(5)
College: One (1) parking space for every three (3) accommodations for students in classrooms, laboratories, etc.
(6)
Library or museum: One (1) parking space for every three hundred (300) square feet of floor area, but not less than ten (10) spaces.
(7)
Country club, golf club, yacht club, or swimming pool club: One (1) parking space for each five (5) adult members or one (1) parking space for each four (4) seats in a place of assembly, whichever is greater.
(8)
Stadium, sports arena, community center, or other similar places of assembly: One (1) parking space for every four (4) seats, or if fixed seats are not included, then one (1) space for each fifty (50) square feet of floor space.
(9)
Theatre or auditorium: One (1) parking space for each four (4) seats or seating spaces.
(10)
Bingo hall: One (1) parking space for every forty (40) square feet of floor area.
(11)
Fraternal lodges or veteran organizations or service clubs: One (1) parking space for each four (4) seats or one (1) parking space for every fifty (50) square feet of floor area.
(12)
For mobile home park administrative buildings: Not less than one (1) parking space for every fifteen (15) manufactured home sites within the park shall be provided at the administrative building.
(13)
For mobile home park swimming pools, community buildings or recreational areas: Not less then one (1) space for every fifteen (15) manufactured home sites within the park shall be located at any swimming pool, community building or recreational area serving the development.
(14)
Multiple-family mobile home park accessory or maintenance buildings: For accessory or maintenance buildings, one (1) space for each vehicle used in connection with the maintenance of the mobile home park or multiple-family development shall be provided.
(15)
Marinas: Not less than one (1) parking space for every two (2) boat slips.
(16)
Miniature golf course: One and one-half (1½) parking spaces for each hole.
(d)
Commercial and related uses.
(1)
Medical or dental clinic: Two (2) parking spaces for each room, chair or other facility in which patients are examined or treated by a physician.
(2)
Business or professional office, bank or studio: One (1) parking space for every three hundred (300) square feet of floor area, but not less than three (3) parking spaces for each use.
(3)
Retail store or personal service establishment: Unless otherwise listed below, a minimum of one (1) parking space for every two hundred fifty (250) square feet of floor area and a maximum of one (1) parking space for every two hundred (200) square feet of floor area.
(4)
Restaurant, cafeteria, or other eating or drinking establishment: One (1) parking space for every one hundred (100) square feet of total floor area, including kitchen area.
(5)
Furniture or appliance store, wholesale establishment or service shop: No more than one (1) parking space for every five hundred (500) square feet of floor area.
(6)
Commercial recreation center: One (1) parking space for every fifty (50) square feet of floor space; provided however, that fifty (50) percent of all space used for bowling alleys, indoor racquetball courts, indoor tennis courts, skating rinks, indoor tracks or similar indoor recreation facilities may be deducted in computing this parking requirement.
(7)
Funeral home or mortuary: One (1) parking space for each fifty (50) square feet of floor area used for chapels, reposing rooms or other public or semi-public uses incidental to funeral services, plus one (1) space for each vehicle maintained on the premises and one (1) space for any dwelling use on the same premises.
(8)
Enclosed mall building: No more than one (1) parking space for every two hundred fifty (250) square feet of gross leasable area.
(9)
Child care center: One (1) parking space per employee in addition to on-site circulation space for delivering children.
(10)
Coin-operated commercial laundry: One (1) space per three (3) pieces of washing/drying equipment for rent.
(11)
Medical and dental laboratory: One (1) space per employee.
(12)
Office and two-family residential within one (1) building: One and one-half (1½) spaces per residential unit plus one (1) space per one hundred (100) square feet of utilized office.
(13)
Banquet/function hall: One (1) parking space per one hundred (100) square feet of total floor area.
(e)
Industrial, wholesale and similar uses. One (1) parking space for each five (5) persons employed on a maximum shift, plus one (1) space for every vehicle maintained on the premises, but not less than one (1) parking space for every five hundred (500) square feet of occupied floor area.
(1)
Mini-storage warehouse: Three (3) spaces per one thousand (1,000) square feet of office space plus one (1) space per employee.
(2)
Propane storage and distribution: One (1) space per two thousand (2,000) square feet of service area.
(3)
Shooting range: One (1) space per firing position.
(f)
Neighborhood Conservation District. Off-street parking is not required for commercially zoned property within the Neighborhood Conservation District.
(g)
Parking spaces for the disabled shall not be shared or provided off-site.
(h)
Proposed changes in use for a premises subject to an approved on-premises shared parking plan or off-site parking plan shall require proof that adequate parking continues to be available.
(Ord. No. 5028-97, § 1; Ord. No. 5751-02; Ord. No. 6803-11)
Sec. 45-3004.1. - Requirements and procedures for parking increases.
The zoning administrator shall allow an increase of no more than thirty (30) percent of the number of on-premises parking spaces required or permitted for uses listed in section 45-3004(d)(3), (d)(5) and (d)(8) subject to the following:
(1)
No action shall be taken on any application for such an increase until the applicant shall have paid a filing fee to the City of Newport News in the amount of one hundred fifty dollars ($150.00) which shall not be refundable.
(2)
Applications for parking space increases shall meet the following criteria:
a.
The applicant shall demonstrate that the use will generate a greater need for parking spaces than is provided in this ordinance.
b.
The applicant shall prepare a parking increase landscaping plan for the premises. This plan shall not reduce other landscaping prescribed for the premises but shall provide a landscaped buffer ten (10) feet in width around the perimeter of the paved area designated for parking. This buffer shall contain one (1) tree and two (2) shrubs for every four hundred (400) square feet of the buffer area less access ways into the parking area. The landscaping plan shall be approved by the director of planning and development prior to the zoning administrator's approval of the parking space increase application.
(Ord. No. 5751-02; Ord. No. 6417-07, § 1)
(a)
The zoning administrator shall allow a reduction of required or permitted on-premises parking spaces when an applicant proposes an on-premises shared parking plan subject to the following:
(1)
No action shall be taken on any application for such a reduction until the applicant shall have paid a filing fee to the City of Newport News in the amount of one hundred fifty dollars ($150.00) which shall not be refundable.
(2)
Applications for parking space reductions using on-premises shared parking plans shall meet the following criteria:
a.
The proposed development of premises shall be for commercial and related uses listed in section 45-3004(d), community facilities or recreational services and shall involve two (2) or more uses. The application shall include a parking plan for the combination of uses proposed for the premises.
b.
The application shall include data reflecting the actual peak demand for each individual land use proposed for the premises.
c.
The on-premises shared parking facility shall contain at least the minimum required spaces of the largest individual use that will be sharing the facility and shall be developed in accordance with the standards of the city's site regulations.
d.
The applicant shall demonstrate that the on-premises shared parking plan shall be long-term, i.e., not less than twenty (20) years in length.
e.
The applicant shall demonstrate that the proposed reduction in parking does not affect the parking of employees of the facility and any adjoining use in a materially, adverse manner.
f.
After approval of an on-premises shared parking plan, the city zoning administrator shall approve no changes which would affect premises served by that plan unless additional parking spaces are made available to serve the premises and the on-premises shared parking plan is again approved by the zoning administrator.
g.
A parking reduction which was granted based on an on-premises shared parking plan shall be void in the event that said parking plan is terminated in whole or in part.
(b)
Nothing in this section shall be interpreted to prevent the use of both on-premises shared parking plans and off-site parking plans in appropriate circumstances.
(Ord. No. 5751-02; Ord. No. 6417-07, § 1)
Sec. 45-3004.3. - Requirements and procedures for parking reductions for certain residential uses.
The parking requirements for certain residential uses may be reduced up to but no more than seventy-five (75) percent by issuance of a permit by the zoning administrator granting such a reduction. The permit shall be valid for a period of two (2) years and shall be renewable for additional two-year periods in the event that the applicant establishes to the satisfaction of the zoning administrator that the conditions supporting issuance of said permit are still met. The permit to reduce the number of parking spaces shall be issued by the zoning administrator in the event that the following conditions are met:
(a)
No action shall be taken on any application for such a reduction until the applicant shall have paid a filing fee to the City of Newport News in the amount of one hundred dollars ($100.00) which shall not be refundable.
(b)
Only the following residential uses may be approved for parking reductions:
1.
Housing for older persons, multiple-family;
2.
Group home;
3.
Halfway house;
4.
Boardinghouse;
5.
Adult care residence;
6.
Homeless shelter;
7.
Congregate housing for children;
8.
Single room occupancy dwellings; and
9.
Housing for older persons, single-family attached.
(c)
The facility for which the reduction is sought must be used for residential purposes only;
(d)
The applicant requesting the reduction in parking must clearly demonstrate that the proposed use requires a lesser amount of parking than is specified in section 45-3004
(e)
The applicant requesting the reduction shall demonstrate the number of parking spaces that will be needed; and
(f)
The applicant requesting the reduction shall demonstrate that the proposed reduction in parking does not adversely affect the parking requirements of employees of the facility or any adjoining residential neighborhood.
(Ord. No. 5751-02)
Sec. 45-3005. - Off-street loading requirements for specific uses.
Every building erected or occupied by a commercial, manufacturing or service establishment; a place of public assembly or accommodation; storage or warehouse facilities or any other enterprise or activity which is determined by the zoning administrator to involve the distribution or receiving of materials or merchandise by motor vehicles shall provide and maintain on the same premises off-street spaces for loading in conformity with the requirements of this section. Space for loading shall be a paved space of not less than twelve (12) feet by forty-five (45) feet and shall have a fourteen-foot vertically clear access from a public street or alley.
(1)
Group one. The following uses or any use similar to a use listed below shall be provided with not less than one (1) space for loading plus one (1) additional space for loading for every twenty thousand (20,000) square feet of floor area or fraction thereof in excess of twenty thousand (20,000) square feet:
a.
Retail store, or a group of related retail stores.
b.
Furniture and appliance store.
c.
Wholesale store.
d.
Household equipment store.
e.
Any establishment offering alcoholic beverages, food or refreshment for sale and consumption.
f.
Bowling alley.
g.
Funeral home or mortuary.
h.
Manufacturing and industrial uses.
i.
Place of public assembly such as convention hall, auditorium (except school) or theatre.
(2)
Group two. The following uses or any use similar to a use listed below shall be provided with not less than one (1) space for loading for every fifty thousand (50,000) square feet of floor area or fraction thereof:
a.
Apartment hotel building.
b.
Hotel.
c.
Dormitory or fraternity/sorority house.
d.
Hospital.
e.
Office building or medical clinic.
(3)
Group three. The following uses or any use similar to a use listed below shall be provided with not less than one (1) space for loading for every three thousand (3,000) square feet of floor area or fraction thereof in excess of three thousand (3,000) square feet:
a.
Truck terminal, transfer or storage terminal.
b.
Distributors of food, beverages or merchandise where the principal activity is transfer of products from one (1) form of transportation to another when at least one (1) such form of transportation utilizes highway vehicles.
c.
Freight station or transportation terminal.
(Ord. No. 5028-97, § 1)